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- The Constitution of India is the fundamental law that governs the country’s government.
- It not only defines the organs of the State and their functions but also serves as a vehicle for the nation’s progress.
- The idea of a Constituent Assembly in India can be traced back to the pronouncements of nationalist leaders and resolutions of the Indian National Congress.
- The demand for a Constituent Assembly was officially made by the Indian National Congress in 1934.
- Sir Stafford Cripps, representing the British Government during World War II, accepted the notion that an elected body of Indians should be responsible for framing the Indian Constitution.
- In accordance with the Cabinet Mission Plan, the members of the Constituent Assembly were elected in July 1946.
- The Constituent Assembly consisted of eight major committees: Rules, Steering, Advisory, Drafting, Union Subjects, Union Constitution, Provincial Constitution, and States.
- Prominent members of the Assembly included Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad, Abul Kalam Azad, and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, played a pivotal role in incorporating provisions such as Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and affirmative state action into the Constitution.
- The aim was to establish a new social order in independent India that upheld human dignity and development for all, without discrimination.
- The original Indian Constitution comprised 22 parts and 395 articles.
- Later, three parts were added as amendments: 9A (Municipalities), 9B (Co-operative Societies), and 14A (Tribunals).
- Additional articles have been added through amendments, resulting in a current total count of approximately 444 articles.
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