Indian Political System – Structure

Notes on the Indian political system to help you excel in Competitive exams.

---

Introduction to the Indian Political System:

The Indian political system is based on the principles of democracy, federalism, secularism, and social justice.

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land and provides the framework for the functioning of the political system.

Three Branches of Government:

The Indian political system consists of three branches of government: the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judiciary.

Each branch has distinct roles and functions, ensuring a system of checks and balances.

Executive Branch:

The Executive branch is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws.

It includes the President, who is the head of state, and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government.

The Council of Ministers assists the Prime Minister in the administration of the country.

Legislative Branch:

The Legislative branch is responsible for making laws.

It consists of the Parliament, which is further divided into two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People).

Members of Parliament (MPs) are elected by the people and represent their respective constituencies.

Judiciary:

The Judiciary is the guardian of the Constitution and ensures the rule of law.

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the country.

It interprets the Constitution, resolves disputes, and safeguards fundamental rights.

Hierarchy and Powers of Institutions:

The President is the head of the state and exercises ceremonial powers.

The Prime Minister is the head of the government and holds executive powers.

The Parliament has the power to make laws, approve budgets, and oversee the functioning of the government.

The Supreme Court has the authority to interpret the Constitution, protect fundamental rights, and provide justice.

Federal Structure:

India follows a federal system where powers are divided between the central government and the state governments.

The central government is responsible for national-level matters, while the state governments handle state-level affairs.

Local self-government bodies, such as Panchayats and Municipalities, exist at the grassroots level.

Significance of the Structure:

The structure of the Indian political system ensures a separation of powers, preventing the concentration of authority in a single entity.

It promotes accountability, transparency, and democratic governance.

The hierarchy and powers of institutions create a system where each branch has its own roles and functions.

Note: It is advisable to refer to official textbooks, previous question papers, and updated syllabus provided by the Telangana TGT jobs exam conducting authority for comprehensive and accurate information.