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Basic Geometrical Ideas | Speed Notes
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A point determines a location. It is usually denoted by a capital letter.
A line segment corresponds to the shortest distancebetween two points. (Scroll down to continue …)
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The line
Two distinct lines meeting at a point are called intersecting lines.
Two lines in a plane are said to be parallel if they do not meet.
A ray is a portion of line starting at a point and going in one direction endlessly.
Any drawing (straight or non-straight) done without liftingthe pencil may be called a curve.
In this sense, a line is also a curve.
A simple curve is one that does not cross itself.
A curve is said to be closed if its ends are joined; otherwise it is said to be open. A polygon is a simple closed curve made up of line segments.
Here:
(i) The line segments are the sides of the polygon.
(ii) Any two sides with a common end point are adjacent sides.
(iii) The meeting point of a pair of sides is called a vertex.
(iv) The end pointsof the same side are adjacent vertices.
(v) The join of any two non-adjacent verticesis a diagonal.
An angle is made up of two rays starting from a common end point.
A point determines a location. A point is denoted by a capital letter.
A line segment corresponds to the shortest distance between two points. The line
Two distinct lines meeting at a point are called intersecting lines.
Two lines in a plane are said to be parallel if they do not meet.
A ray is a portionof line starting at a point and goingin one direction endlessly.
Any drawing (straight or non-straight) done without lifting the pencil may be calleda curve. In this sense, a line is also a curve.
A simple curve is one that does not cross itself.
A curve is said to be closed if its ends are joined; otherwise it is said to be open.
A polygon is a simpleclosed curve made up of line segments.
Here,
(i) The line segments are the sides of the polygon.
(ii) Any two sides with a common end point are adjacent sides.
(iii) The meeting point of a pair of sides is called a vertex.
(iv) The end pointsof the same side are adjacent vertices.
(v) The join of any two non-adjacent verticesis a diagonal.
An angle is made up of two rays startingfrom a common end point.
An angle leads to three divisions of a region:
On the angle, the interior of the angle and the exterior of the angle.
A triangle is a three-sided polygon.
A quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon. (It shouldbe named cyclically).
In any
similar relations exist for the other three angles.
A circle is the path of a point moving at the same distance from a fixed point.
The fixed point is the Centre, the fixed distanceis the radius and the distance around the circleis the circumference.
A chord of a circle is a line segment joining any two points on the circle.
A diameter is a chord passing throughthe Centre of the circle.
A sectoris the region in the interior of a circle enclosed by an arc on one side and a pair of radii on the other two sides.
A segmentof a circle is a region in the interior of the circle enclosed by an arc and a chord.
The diameter of a circle divides it into two semi-circles.
An angle leadsto three divisions of a region:
On the angle, the interior of the angle and the exterior of the angle.
The diameter of a circle divides it into two semi-circles.
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